Fault-Rupture Hazard Zones in California

Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act with Index to Earthquake Fault Zones Maps

Fault-Rupture Hazard Zones in California

Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act with Index to Earthquake Fault Zones Maps

A Simulation-Based Analysis of Chemical and Radiological Hazard Zones Adapted to Physical Boundaries

In the United States, industrial and terrorist use of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) materials pose a risk to public safety. During the initial phase of typical CBRN incidents, emergency responders establish hazard zones based on standard distances from published guidelines and recommendations. This research investigates how standard hazard zones change in a real world environment that accounts for physical boundaries. Using a python simulation in ArcGIS®, new hazard zones were created by expanding standard hazard zones to follow nearby roads, railroads, and rivers. The new and standard zones were compared by calculating the population and area affected by each zone. Additionally, responder efficiency was compared across different combinations of physical boundaries. The simulation generated 990 random points across three cities and three environments (urban, suburban, rural) and was replicated for six hazards. The results revealed significantly larger populations and areas affected by new zones compared to standard zones and significant effects from the environment and city where the incident occurred. Depending on hazard, the median growth ranged from approximately 340 to 8,000 people and 0.6 to 8.8 square miles. The particular combination of physical boundaries used in creating hazard zones was not found to influence responder efficiency

Assessment of check dams’ role in flood hazard mapping in a semi-arid environment

This study aimed to examine flood hazard zoning and assess the role of check dams as effective hydraulic structures in reducing flood hazards. To this end, factors associated with topographic, hydrologic and human characteristics were used to develop indices for flood mapping and assessment. These indices and their components were weighed for flood hazard zoning using two methods: (i) a multi-criterion decision-making model in fuzzy logic and (ii) entropy weight. After preparing the flood hazard map by using the above indices and methods, the characteristics of the change‐point were used to assess the role of the check dams in reducing flood risk. The method was used in the Ilanlu catchment, located in the northwest of Hamadan province, Iran, where it is prone to frequent flood events. The results showed that the area of ‘very low’, ‘low’ and ‘moderate’ flood hazard zones increased from about 2.2% to 7.3%, 8.6% to 19.6% and 22.7% to 31.2% after the construction of check dams, respectively. Moreover, the area of ‘high’ and ‘very high’ flood hazard zones decreased from 39.8% to 29.6%, and 26.7% to 12.2%, respectively

Arahan Kebijakan Mitigasi pada Zona Rawan Banjir Kabupaten Limapuluh Kota, Provinsi Sumatera Barat

Indonesia is a country that has a wet tropical climate, so that about 60 % of the cities in Indonesia is very a hazard to flood. The floods have caused many losses to humans. The purpose of this study is determine the direction of development policy mitigation of flood hazard zones in Limapuluh Kota District, by using GIS analysis with the overlay technique. The indicators used to determine the flood hazard zones are rainfall, slope, landform, soil type, geology, elevation, and land use. Mitigation policy directives using AHP analysis involving 15 experts with conservation criteria, regulations, community capacity. The results showed 6,2 % is a very flood zone. Three main landing to reduce the impact of floods is disaster education, improved socialization in flood hazard zones, and planning of based spatial disaster

The Puget Sound and Potential Pollution Hazard Zones

https://digitalcommons.tacoma.uw.edu/gis_projects/1028/thumbnail.jp

Assessing societal vulnerability of U.S. Pacific Northwest communities to storm induced coastal change

Progressive increases in storm intensities and extreme wave heights have been documented along the U.S. West Coast. Paired with global sea level rise and the potential for an increase in El Niño occurrences, these trends have substantial implications for the vulnerability of coastal communities to natural coastal hazards. Community vulnerability to hazards is characterized by the exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity of human-environmental systems that influence potential impacts. To demonstrate how societal vulnerability to coastal hazards varies with both physical and social factors, we compared community exposure and sensitivity to storm-induced coastal change scenarios in Tillamook (Oregon) and Pacific (Washington) Counties. While both are backed by low-lying coastal dunes, communities in these two counties have experienced different shoreline change histories and have chosen to use the adjacent land in different ways. Therefore, community vulnerability varies significantly between the two counties. Identifying the reasons for this variability can help land-use managers make decisions to increase community resilience and reduce vulnerability in spite of a changing climate. (PDF contains 4 pages

Landslide Hazard Zonation Using Expert Evaluation Technique: A Case Study of the Area Between Gohatsion Town and The Abay (Blue Nile) River, Central Ethiopia

The area between Gohatsion town and the Abay River in Central Ethiopia is witnessing severe problems of landslides during rainy seasons. These landslides in the area affect the safe functioning of the road, which is an essential link between Addis Ababa and the northwestern part of the country. In the present study, an attempt is made to delineate the area into landslide hazard zones (lhz). The landslide hazard zonation was carried out by “Landslide Hazard Evaluation Factor” (lhef) rating scheme. The lhef is an expert evaluation technique that is based on the observational past experience gained over causative factors and their contribution for instability of slopes in the area. The causative factors responsible for landslide activity, which were considered during the present study, are: relative relief, slope morphometry, geology, groundwater and land use/ land cover. The information pertaining to these causative factors was collected from the field and analyzed as per the lhef scheme. The evaluated lhz revealed that most of the study area falls within the moderate and high hazard zones. The existing road that links Addis Ababa with the northwestern part of the country mostly passes through high hazard zones and some of it passes through moderate hazard zones. This seems to be the main reason for frequent landslides along the road during the rainy season. Thus, it is imperative to conduct detailed investigations to suggest proper remedial measures for slope stabilization along the road section or to realign the road section to avoid such critical slope sections

Destabilization of the hard coal microstructure by a weak electric field

This study aims to analyse physical and chemical changes in hard coal samples under the influence of low-intensity electric fields in comparison to the fragments of ejected coal, as well as the coal samples selected from the zones of high and low outburst hazard. We used physical methods including X-raying, electron paramagnetic resonance, thermo- gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, laser diffraction analysis of particle sizes, IR-spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and Raman spectroscopy. It has been shown that destruction of coal organic matter (COM) can be caused not only by mechanical impacts or thermal influences but also weak electric fields. Scientific novelty consists in the fact that for the first time we established the identity of the COM destruction mechanism of mechanical-chemical activation and weak electric fields influencing on the previously destabilized coal microstructure. The destruction mechanism is based on thermal field regularities in both cases. The results obtained are of practical significance for the technologies of coal conversion to other products. The research results can be useful in the development of methods for reducing outburst hazard in coal mines